Specific orbital energy is a measure of the total mechanical energy (kinetic plus potential energy) of an object in orbit, normalized by its mass. It is typically represented by the symbol \( \epsilon \) and is expressed in units of energy per unit mass, commonly joules per kilogram (J/kg).
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The specific orbital energy is the mechanical energy per unit mass,Its sign distinguishes bound elliptic, marginal parabolic, and unbound hyperbolic Kepler orbits.