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The lateral pterygoid muscle has attachments involving the sphenoid region and mandibular joint apparatus. It contributes to protrusion and coordinated mandibular movements. Its roles differ from those of a simple jaw-closing elevator and depend on bilateral coordination.
The temporalis muscle extends from the temporal region to the mandibular coronoid process. It elevates the mandible, with posterior fibers contributing to retraction. Its broad origin and converging insertion explain how different fiber regions can have different pulling directions.
The buccinator muscle forms an important muscular part of the cheek. It keeps food positioned against the teeth during mastication and helps control oral pressure. Its role differs from the jaw-closing muscles even though they cooperate during eating.
The brachioradialis spans the lateral elbow to the distal radius and flexes the elbow, particularly with the forearm near a neutral rotational position. It is supplied by the radial nerve. Its flexor action therefore does not imply the innervation pattern typical of every other elbow flexor.
The supinator muscle wraps around the proximal radius and contributes to forearm supination. A deep branch of the radial nerve passes through its region. Its rotational action differs from elbow flexion even though both can accompany turning the palm upward.
The anconeus is a small muscle on the posterolateral elbow. It assists elbow extension and stabilization and is supplied by the radial nerve. Its action complements the much larger triceps rather than producing an unrelated elbow movement.
The psoas major extends from the lumbar region toward the proximal femur and joins the iliacus contribution to the iliopsoas apparatus. It is a major hip flexor. Its connection across the lumbar-pelvic region also links spinal posture with lower-limb movement.
The adductor brevis is a short medial thigh muscle deep to adductor longus. It contributes to hip adduction and helps stabilize the femur relative to the pelvis. Its deep location is an anatomical distinction rather than evidence of a wholly separate movement type.
The obturator externus runs from the external obturator region toward the proximal femur. It contributes to lateral rotation and stabilization of the hip. Its side of origin distinguishes it from obturator internus despite the similar names.
The obturator internus arises from the internal pelvic surface and turns through the lesser sciatic region to reach the proximal femur. It contributes to hip rotation and stabilization. Its pelvic fascia also forms the pudendal canal, linking muscular and neurovascular anatomy.
The bulbospongiosus is a superficial perineal muscle associated with the bulb and nearby erectile structures, with sex-specific arrangements. Its contractions contribute to local support and expulsion of fluid in relevant anatomy. It is distinct from the deeper urethral sphincter complex.
The ischiocavernosus is a superficial perineal muscle associated with the crus of erectile structures. Contraction influences the mechanical and vascular conditions of those structures. It is related to the bulbospongiosus region but has different attachments.
The superficial transverse perineal muscle crosses toward the perineal body from the lateral perineal region. It contributes to stabilization of this central attachment. Its small size does not make it equivalent to the deeper pelvic diaphragm.
The external urethral sphincter is striated muscular tissue contributing to control of the urethral outlet. It works with bladder and other outlet mechanisms rather than determining continence alone. Its arrangement differs between male and female anatomy.
The quadriceps femoris is the anterior thigh muscle group transmitting force through the quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament to extend the knee. Its components do not all cross the same joints; rectus femoris also crosses the hip.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact