Online text: www.ittc.ku.edu/~frost/EECS_562/EECS_562_Lab_Spring_2024/Labs-EECS-562/EECS562_Lab_4_spring_2024.pdf

University of Kansas EECS 562 laboratory handout. The hosting path does not establish its publication or revision year. Instrument settings are preparation targets, rather than measured results.

Cited passages: A.2 - Amplitude Modulation, §§A.2.5–A.2.8, printed pp. A.2.4–A.2.5 (PDF pp. 4–5), Figures A.2.3–A.2.4 and steps A.2.6(iv–xiv), A.2.8(i–vii): separate level calibration, fixed-carrier sweep and demodulation comparison.

Online text: www.ece.rice.edu/~jdw/332/332_html/file.81.html

Rice University ELEC 332 experimental laboratory instructions. No named individual author or document date is established; the procedure describes proposed observations rather than acquired data.

Cited passages: ELEC 332: In the Lab, Part 1, “Initial Configuration”, “Initializing”, “Observing a signal”, “Changing the bandwidth”, “Using the marker” and “Resolving signals”; ELEC 332: In the Lab, Part 1, “Resolving signals”: message-generator harmonic distortion and unresolved sidebands when the message frequency is reduced; ELEC 332: In the Lab, Part 3, module descriptions and “Connect the components” through “AM transmitter”: input/output connections, offset control, level sweep and receiver check.

By Alan V. Oppenheim.

Online text: ocw.mit.edu/courses/res-6-007-signals-and-systems-spring-2011/cd6452890f55ab39b9e04d811626edbb_MITRES_6_007S11_lec13.pdf

Individual lecture notes and transparencies explicitly credited to Alan V. Oppenheim. MIT OpenCourseWare hosts the resource. No publication or revision year is inferred from the course URL.

Cited passages: Continuous-Time Modulation, PDF p. 14: individual authored-resource attribution; Signals and Systems, Lecture 13: Continuous-Time Modulation, printed p. 13-2 and transparencies 13.17–13.19 on pp. 13-11–13-12: asynchronous recovery and injected carrier; Signals and Systems, Lecture 13: Continuous-Time Modulation, printed pp. 13-1–13-2: channel matching, spectrum translation, carrier injection and demodulation; Signals and Systems, Lecture 13: Continuous-Time Modulation, transparencies 13.10–13.11 on pp. 13-7–13-8 and 13.16 on p. 13-10: multiplier, low-pass separation and phase-error cosine factor.

By Zhao-Di Liu, Henri Lyyra, Yong-Nan Sun, Bi-Heng Liu, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Sabrina Maniscalco, Jyrki Piilo.

Online text: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6110829/

Experimental article published on 27 August 2018 in Nature Communications 9, article 3453. The eight credited researchers are the article authors; PubMed Central hosts the copy.

Cited passages: Experimental implementation of fully controlled dephasing dynamics and synthetic spectral densities, Nature Communications 9, 3453 (2018), Results: Experimental setup, Fig. 1, equations (1)–(5); Using a photon to simulate qubit coupled to Ising chain, systematic-error discussion after Fig. 3.

By John Watrous.

By John Preskill.

Online text: www.preskill.caltech.edu/ph229/notes/chap2.pdf

Authored Chapter 2 of the Caltech Quantum Computation lecture notes. No publication or revision date is established for this linked version.

Cited passages: Preskill, Foundations I: States and Ensembles, §2.1, printed p. 2, ray equivalence and normalized representatives; Preskill, Foundations I: States and Ensembles, §2.1, printed pp. 1–3, equation (2.1) and the definition of a ray; Preskill, Foundations I: States and Ensembles, §2.3.1, printed pp. 14–18, equations (2.51)–(2.61), partial trace and ensemble interpretation; Preskill, Foundations I: States and Ensembles, §2.3.4, printed pp. 22–23, equation (2.79); Preskill, Physics 229 notes, section 2.3.2, equations (2.62)–(2.68); Preskill, Physics 229 notes, section 2.3.2, equations (2.62)–(2.70); Preskill, Physics 229 notes, sections 2.1 and 2.2.1, state rays and qubit parametrization; Preskill, Physics 229 notes, sections 2.2.1–2.2.2, spin and photon polarization examples.

By Heinrich Hertz.

Online text: archive.org/stream/b2172457x/b2172457x_djvu.txt

Collected experimental papers by Heinrich Hertz, in an authorized English translation by Daniel Evan Jones, published by Macmillan in 1893. The experiments and papers discussed here date to 1888. The archive link supplies OCR text; the apparatus illustrations are not reproduced.

Cited passages: Hertz, Electric Waves (1893 translation), VII, pp. 108–109; VIII, pp. 125–127; Hertz, Electric Waves, VII, pp. 107–108; Introduction, pp. 9–12: retrospective limitations; Hertz, Electric Waves, VIII, pp. 125–127 and 135–136: preparations and controls.

By William D. Phillips.

Source information: journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.721

Online text: cdn.journals.aps.org/files/RevModPhys.70.721.pdf

Published Nobel lecture solely credited to William D. Phillips, in Reviews of Modern Physics 70, pp. 721–741, 1 July 1998. Its ideal weak-intensity Doppler model is distinguished from the multilevel cooling experiments.

Cited passages: William D. Phillips, Nobel Lecture: Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, 1998, pp. 729–730, Eqs. (1)–(2): recoil heating, linewidth convention and ideal three-dimensional temperature limit; William D. Phillips, Nobel Lecture: Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, pp. 731–732, Figs. 15–16: probe reversal, deliberate heating, geometric uncertainties and independent thermometry; William D. Phillips, Nobel Lecture: Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, pp. 733–734 and Fig. 18: multilevel polarization-gradient cooling.

By Steven Chu.

Online text: cdn.journals.aps.org/files/RevModPhys.70.685.pdf

Published version of a Nobel lecture, solely credited to Steven Chu, in Reviews of Modern Physics 70, pp. 685–706, July 1998. Journal publication is distinct from the 8 December 1997 lecture delivery. The historical release-and-recapture account includes a retrospective correction for cloud geometry.

Cited passages: Steven Chu, The manipulation of neutral particles, 1998 publication of his Nobel lecture, pp. 687–690, Figs. 3–4 and footnote 5: sodium source, precooling, vacuum apparatus, beam geometry and fluorescence detection; Steven Chu, The manipulation of neutral particles, p. 688, release-and-recapture paragraph: measurement sequence and retrospective account of the geometry correction.

Online text: ecelabs.njit.edu/ece291/lab7.php

New Jersey Institute of Technology ECE 291 laboratory guide. No individual author or document date is established. Its prelaboratory numerical examples are hypothetical, rather than measured input impedances.

Cited passages: Lab 7: Input Impedance of an Oscilloscope and the Scope Probe, Introduction, Figure 5 and probe adjustment; Laboratory §1(a)–(c).

Online text: instrumentationlab.berkeley.edu/Lab1

University of California, Berkeley Physics 111A instrumentation laboratory guide. The Regents copyright line gives 2016; no publication date or individual author byline is inferred from it. Instructions and illustrative calculations are distinct from acquired experimental data.

Cited passages: Resistance instructions; Problems 1.1.8–1.1.10: component/supply preparation, recalculation and readout accuracy.

Online text: www.engr.siu.edu/staff/spezia/Web304A/Labs/LAB04A04.pdf

Institution-issued ET 304A Electric Circuits Laboratory handout. Fall 2003 is the course term printed in the footer, rather than a verified publication date. No named author is established. The report tables are blank; the mentioned attached meter specifications are not present in this PDF.

Cited passages: ET 304A, Lab 4: Voltage Measurements and Meter Loading Effects, pp. 1–2, Figure 1 and equations (1)–(3); pp. 2–3, Figure 2, Procedure steps 1–13 and report requirements; pp. 4–5, blank tables.

By Paul A. Williams, Joshua A. Hadler, Robert Lee, Frank C. Maring, John H. Lehman.

Publication information: www.nist.gov/publications/use-radiation-pressure-measurement-high-power-laser-emission

Published in Optics Letters 38(20), 4248–4251.

Online text: tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=914101

Experimental article jointly credited to Paul A. Williams, Joshua A. Hadler, Robert Lee, Frank C. Maring and John H. Lehman. Journal publication is 15 October 2013 in Optics Letters 38(20), pp. 4248–4251; NIST hosts the manuscript and bibliographic record rather than replacing the human byline.

Online text: www.nist.gov/publications/use-radiation-pressure-measurement-high-power-laser-emission

Experimental article jointly credited to Paul A. Williams, Joshua A. Hadler, Robert Lee, Frank C. Maring and John H. Lehman. Journal publication is 15 October 2013 in Optics Letters 38(20), pp. 4248–4251; NIST hosts the manuscript and bibliographic record rather than replacing the human byline.

Cited passages: Williams and collaborators, Use of radiation pressure for measurement of high-power laser emission, equation (1): force expressed using intercepted optical power and the incidence-angle cosine; Williams and collaborators, pp. 2–3, Figures 1–3 and equation (2): preparation, apparatus and readout; Williams and collaborators, pp. 2–4, Figures 3, 5–7: calibration limits, angle and absorber controls, and reported slope discrepancy.

By Gabriele Rosi, Fiodor Sorrentino, Luigi Cacciapuoti, Marco Prevedelli, Guglielmo Maria Tino.

Publication information: arxiv.org/abs/1412.7954

Published in Nature 510, 518–521.

Online text: arxiv.org/pdf/1412.7954

Cited passages: Main text pp. 3–5 and Fig. 1 caption p. 21; Main text pp. 3–5; Methods pp. 13–14; Fig. 1 caption p. 21; Main text pp. 5–6; Methods pp. 14–18; Table 1, p. 27.

Collection of sources; individual chapter authors and dates are recorded below.

Publisher: Vernier.

Online text: www.vernier.com/manuals/gps-bta/

Manufacturer-issued instrument documentation. No personal byline or document date verified; website footer copyright is not a publication date.

Cited passages: Calibration: station pressure and one-point reference; Specifications: internal volume; How the Sensor Works: vacuum-referenced membrane and absolute-pressure output.

Collection of sources; individual chapter authors and dates are recorded below.

Publisher: Optica.

Online text: www.optica.org/History/Biographies/bios/Charles-Fabry

Institutional history biography, created 26 July 2023 and updated 18 July 2025. These are web-page dates, not dates of birth, instrument invention or first historical publication. No named individual author verified.

Cited passages: Charles Fabry biography, paragraphs on collaboration with Alfred Pérot and instrument development.

By Walter Luhs.

Publisher: LUHS Engineering Office.

Online text: luhs.de/Manuals/UM-LM03-2021.pdf

Apparatus manual credited to Walter Luhs. The inspected footer revision is July 2021, with previous July 2020 and January 2021 revisions recorded; neither the unqualified 2018 footer label nor the hosting path establishes first publication. The confocal apparatus geometry differs from an ideal planar etalon.

Cited passages: LM-0300 Fabry Perot Spectrum Analyser, §1.0 pp. 3–4; §§3.1.1–3.1.2 pp. 20–21, figures 19–23; §1.0 p. 3: fixed-spacing Fabry Perot etalon; §3.1.2 p. 20: transverse modes, confocal calibration and source-linewidth inference.

§1.3, printed p. 8, Figure 11: equal mirror curvature and separation define the confocal Fabry Perot geometry; the four-traverse ray path gives the confocal analyzer spacing c/(4R). This is distinct from adjacent longitudinal modes of a fixed transverse pattern.

Publisher: University of Washington.

Online text: courses.washington.edu/phys331/fabry-perot/fabry-perot.pdf

Institution-issued teaching laboratory manual. No individual byline or document date verified. Its Spring 2023 reference concerns a chart-recorder application, not the manual publication year. The apparatus uses a motor-driven mirror scan.

Cited passages: Fabry-Perot Interferometer, theory equation (2), Finesse discussion, equations (4)–(8); Finesse discussion, equations (5)–(8), and §2.3 Determine the Finesse; §2.2 pp. 9–11: central-spot scanning, nonuniform drive, table strain and filtering; §2.3 p. 11: widths and spacings in time.