Electroluminescence is nonthermal light emission driven by electrical excitation. In a light-emitting diode, injected electrons and holes can undergo radiative electron-hole recombination, converting part of the supplied electrical energy into photons.
The emitted optical spectrum depends on the available transitions rather than solely on temperature, unlike an ideal blackbody. Measuring both the electric current and emitted radiant power tests conversion efficiency. Increasing electric current need not increase useful emission proportionally: nonradiative recombination, heating and extraction losses can all matter.
Electroluminescence is the phenomenon where a material emits light in response to an electric current or a strong electric field. This process occurs in certain materials, typically semiconductors, which are capable of producing light when they are energized by electricity. In simple terms, when an electric voltage is applied to these materials, electrons within the semiconductor become excited and move to higher energy levels.
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