An experimental researcher whose team measured microscopic departures from the most probable direction of dissipation. A bead driven through liquid by optical tweezers produces trajectories with fluctuating entropy production. Their relative probabilities test the fluctuation theorem, explaining why brief entropy-reducing trajectories do not invalidate the macroscopic Second law of thermodynamics.[ref]
Experimental Demonstration of Violations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Small Systems and Short Time Scales by G. M. Wang and others. pp. 050601-1–050601-4: driven optical trap and dissipation statistics
New to topics? Read the docs here!