Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2007/iii/paper-60/1/c/solution

Take any rank-one orthogonal projection and its generalized Bloch vector . The antipodal vector is on the same sphere, but its corresponding trace-one Hermitian matrix is
On the range of , this matrix has eigenvalue , which is negative for . It is therefore not a positive semidefinite matrix and cannot be a density operator. Hence the pure states do not cover the sphere when . This also shows directly why the purity bound for generalized Bloch vectors does not by itself guarantee a physical quantum state.

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