Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-physics-b-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/paper-1/section-a/a3/solution

With the standard liquid-water approximation , each portion has mass . The equal heat capacities give final temperature by energy conservation. For an insulated mixing process with no other changes,
The reversible integrals evaluate entropy differences between equilibrium states; the actual heat transfer is irreversible. These are two portions of the same substance, so there is no additional ideal-mixture compositional entropy.

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