Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-theoretical-physics-ii-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/paper-1/2/e/solution

In the printed phased Bell basis, the actions on its four kets are
Each matrix is purely imaginary and antisymmetric. Let have these four basis kets as columns in the computational basis. The infinitesimal generators of the standard rotation are
Using the displayed actions gives the phase-convention-specific identities
They are real antisymmetric matrices. A finite rotation on therefore acts on the magic-basis coefficient vector as , with . Consequently
It preserves concurrence and hence preserves the reduced eigenvalues and entanglement entropy. A general operation adds a common phase to ; that changes by a phase of twice the angle but leaves unchanged. The real-rotation description of local transformations is a characteristic property of the magic basis.[ref]
As an independent direct check, a local unitary sends to , which is a unitary similarity transformation and cannot change its spectrum. This local-unitary invariance of entanglement entropy also explains why merely rotating one subsystem cannot create entanglement.

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