Control engineering Updated 2025-07-16
Control system Updated 2025-07-16
Continuous problems are simpler than discrete ones Updated 2025-07-16
Basically, continuity, or higher order conditions like differentiability seem to impose greater constraints on problems, which make them more solvable.
Some good examples of that:
- complex discrete problems:
- simple continuous problems:
- characterization of Lie groups
Discrete Updated 2025-07-16
Something that is very not continuous.
Notably studied in discrete mathematics.
Controlled language Updated 2025-07-16
IAU designated constellations Updated 2025-07-16
Cover up the entire sky in a compatible way with the traditional constellations. They are also very square, the boundaries consisting only of vertical and horizontal lines on the sphere.
Asterism (astronomy) Updated 2025-07-16
Basically a mini-Constellation.
Connected component Updated 2025-07-16
When a disconnected space is made up of several smaller connected spaces, then each smaller component is called a "connected component" of the larger space.
See for example the
Simply connected space Updated 2025-07-16
TED (conference) Updated 2025-07-16
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Updated 2025-07-16
AMO is a slightly more general area than condensed matter physics, including related phenomena with smaller numbers atoms and optics. The two terms are however sometimes used as synonyms. The term AMO has gained wide usage and acceptability, see e.g.:
If Ciro had had greater foresight, this might have been what he studied at university!
Solid-state physics Updated 2025-07-16
Condensed matter Physics bibliography Updated 2025-07-16
- When condensed matter physics became king by Joseph D. Martin (2019): physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4110
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=RImqF8z91fU&list=PLtTPtV8SRcxi91n9Mni2xcQX4KhjX91xp Solid State Physics" course by Sergey Frolov taught at the University of Pittsburgh in the Fall 2015 semester
Electronic band theory Updated 2025-07-16
How are the bands measured experimentally?
Why are there gaps? Why aren't bands infinite? What determines the width of gaps?
Bibliography:
- Applications of Quantum Mechanics by David Tong (2017) Chapter 2 "Band Structure"
Semiconductor Updated 2025-07-16
Superconductivity Updated 2025-07-16
Experiments:
- "An introduction to superconductivity" by Alfred Leitner originally published in 1965, source: www.alfredleitner.com/
- Isotope effect on the critical temperature. hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/coop.html mentions that:
If electrical conduction in mercury were purely electronic, there should be no dependence upon the nuclear masses. This dependence of the critical temperature for superconductivity upon isotopic mass was the first direct evidence for interaction between the electrons and the lattice. This supported the BCS Theory of lattice coupling of electron pairs.
20. Fermi gases, BEC-BCS crossover by Wolfgang Ketterle (2014)
Source. Part of the "Atomic and Optical Physics" series, uploaded by MIT OpenCourseWare.Actually goes into the equations.
Notably, youtu.be/O_zjGYvP4Ps?t=3278 describes extremely briefly an experimental setup that more directly observes pair condensation.
Lecture notes:
Transition into superconductivity can be seen as a phase transition, which happens to be a second-order phase transition.
Superconducting tunnel junction Updated 2025-07-16
Specific type of Josephson junction. Probably can be made tiny and in huge numbers through photolithography.
Superfluidity Updated 2025-07-16
Alfred Leitner - Liquid Helium II the Superfluid by Alfred Leitner (1963)
Source. Original source: www.alfredleitner.com. Bose-Einstein condensate Updated 2025-07-16
Inward Bound by Abraham Pais (1988) page 282 shows how this can be generalized from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Materials science Updated 2025-07-16
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.