Josephson voltage standard (JVS)

The most practical/precise volt standard.

The wiki page en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_voltage_standard contains amazing schematics of the device, apparently made by the US Government.

The evolution of voltage metrology to the latest generation of JVSs by Alain Rüfenacht

. Source. Talk given in 2023. The speaker is from NIST, and the talk was hosted by the BIPM. Fantastic talk.

youtu.be/VoRab8U2eS0?t=354 the desired output voltage is 10V
youtu.be/VoRab8U2eS0?t=475 lists the three most commonly used 10V implementations currently:
- Japanese one by AIST
- American one by NIST
- German one by PTB

Technical aspects of realizing the DC volt in the laboratory with a JVS by Stéphane Solve

. Source. Talk given in 2023. The speaker is from BIPM, and the talk was hosted by the BIPM. Fantastic talk.

youtu.be/6pgGNJby1lw?t=296 gives the experimental setup used to compare two different references. Notably it involves a nanovoltmeter

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The Josephson voltage standard is a precise electrical standard for voltage measurement based on the Josephson effect, a phenomenon discovered by physicist Brian D. Josephson in 1962. This effect occurs in superconducting materials, where a supercurrent can flow between two superconductors separated by a thin insulating barrier, allowing for the generation of an accurate and stable voltage.