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Proca equation

Ciro Santilli (@cirosantilli,  40) ... Quantum mechanics Relativistic quantum mechanics Dirac equation Spin (physics) Spin number of a field Spin 1
Updated 2025-07-16  1 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version

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 Articles by others on the same topic (1)

Proca equation by Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
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A massive vector field coupled to a conserved current obeys
∂μ​Fμν−m2Aν=−μ0​Jν.
(1)
The mass term breaks electromagnetic gauge invariance.
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