An adaptor protein complex couples membrane identity and cargo recognition to coat assembly. Coincident recognition of a membrane determinant, a cargo motif and coat partners helps restrict productive assembly to the appropriate site.
The AP1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric cargo-selection complex associated with clathrin-mediated traffic involving the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. It links membrane cargo and coat assembly at selected sites. Its role differs from that of the AP2 adaptor complex, which acts prominently at the plasma cell membrane. Adaptor identity helps determine which cargo is incorporated and where budding occurs. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapter 13, Transport from the Trans Golgi Network to Lysosomes: clathrin adaptors
The AP2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric adaptor that links selected plasma-membrane cargo to clathrin during endocytosis. Recognition of membrane lipids and cargo signals helps concentrate the machinery at appropriate locations. Internalization can reduce surface receptor abundance or return reusable components to an intracellular pool. AP2 acts at a different major location from the AP1 adaptor complex, despite the related coat-adaptor design. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapter 13, Transport into the Cell from the Plasma Membrane: clathrin-coated pits
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