Argon-37 is a radioactive isotope with protons and neutrons. It undergoes electron capture to chlorine-37, with an approximately -day half-life:The mass number is unchanged while the nuclear charge decreases by one. Atomic vacancies left by the captured electron can produce detectable low-energy radiation during atomic relaxation.
Argon-37 made from chlorine was the counted product in the radiochemical solar-neutrino experiment. The method separated rare radioactive argon atoms from a much larger chlorine target, connecting nuclear counting to a very weak astronomical signal.[ref]
Nobel Lecture: A half-century with solar neutrinos by Raymond Davis Jr.. Chlorine–argon experiment: production, extraction and counting of argon-37
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