Atmospheric photochemistry begins when a molecule absorbs a photon and dissociates or ionizes. The products can drive reaction networks whose steady abundances differ strongly from thermochemical equilibrium.
A photochemical steady state has production and loss rates balanced for each short-lived species even though individual photochemical reactions continue.
The Chapman ozone mechanism combines oxygen photodissociation, three-body ozone formation, ozone photodissociation, and the reaction between atomic oxygen and ozone. Under local steady state and dominant photolytic ozone loss,
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An ozone layer is an atmospheric altitude range with enhanced ozone abundance. Oxygen-dissociating ultraviolet radiation is strongest aloft while three-body formation is fastest at greater density, so their competition can concentrate ozone at intermediate altitude.

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