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Brass is a copper-zinc alloy. Its phase composition and mechanical properties depend on the copper-to-zinc ratio and on processing history.

A brass object can contain a single solid-solution phase or multiple phases. This distinguishes the name of an alloy family from a complete specification of its microstructure.

Copper is the chemical element with atomic number 29 and symbol $\mathrm{Cu}$. It is a transition metal. Its high electrical conductivity supports wiring, and $+1$ and $+2$ are common oxidation states. Copper-containing alloys include brass and bronze, whose properties differ from those of the pure metal.^[ref]

In 1918, Irving Langmuir measured adsorption using freshly split mica strips, handled at their edges, separated by iron spacers and held with brass fasteners. A glass bulb contained the bundle; a similar blank contained matching iron and brass but no mica. Evacuated glass connections, Mercury seals, liquid air traps, and McLeod gauges provided controlled gas handling. Calibrated compartment volumes and pressure readings before and after expansion gave free-gas amounts; their deficit indicated uptake. Lowering pressure and measuring released gas tested desorption.^[ref]

Hydrogen blank runs calibrated cooling-related pressure differences. Irving Langmuir pre-cooled the bulbs to reduce thermal delay; he suggested slow diffusion between strips could control the remaining approach to equilibrium. Critically, blank uptake was not subtracted: he estimated the mica-bulb results were 10–30% too high. Liquid air temperature drift was unrecorded. These limits constrain inference of intrinsic binding from the uptake curve. The paper's pressure unit called “bar” was $1\mathrm{dyn}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}=0.1\mathrm{Pa}$, unlike the modern bar used above.^[ref]