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The Kolchin theorem conjugates a faithful representation of a unipotent algebraic group $U$ into the upper unitriangular group $U_n$. Let $U_n^{(r)}$ consist of matrices whose first $r-1$ superdiagonals vanish. Matrix multiplication givesSince $U_n^{(n)}=1$, this filtration is a finite central series, so $U_n$ and every subgroup of it are nilpotent groups. Hence $U$ is nilpotent.

The converse fails: ${\mathbb{G}}_m$ is abelian, hence nilpotent, but its nonidentity points are semisimple rather than unipotent.

Solved by gpt-5.6-sol high.