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A cold atom has a small motional kinetic energy relative to a stated experimental scale. Usually an ensemble is prepared with a narrow velocity distribution through laser cooling or evaporative cooling of atoms; the quoted temperature characterizes motion rather than requiring the atom's internal electronic state to be thermally equilibrated.

Slower motion increases the time available for interrogation in atomic clocks or atom interferometry. In a release experiment, a cloud's growth after the trap is switched off constrains its velocity spread. Distinguishing initial cloud size from expansion avoids mistaking tight confinement for low motional temperature.

An experimental physicist who coauthored a gravitational constant measurement with cold atoms. The apparatus compared two spatially separated atom interferometers, helping distinguish the source-mass signal from common disturbances.^[ref]

Identity: arxiv.org/abs/1003.1481

Institutional profile: www.difi.unige.it/it/dipartimento/persone/fiodor-sorrentino

An experimental atomic physicist who coauthored a 2014 measurement of the gravitational constant using cold atoms. The atom interferometer sensed the attraction of nearby source masses, providing a quantum probe of Newton's law of universal gravitation.^[ref]

Identity: lens.unifi.it/aboutus/profile/gabriele-rosi