Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 310 3 c Solution 2026-09-28
Let be the horizon scale at matter-radiation equality. At a fixed time soon after recombination, the cold-dark-matter transfer function defined as has the schematic behaviorwith a smooth turnover near . Large-scale modes enter the horizon during matter domination and the Poisson equation converts an almost scale-independent primordial potential into a density contrast proportional to . Small-scale modes enter during radiation domination; radiation controls the potential and pressure prevents it from clustering, so cold-dark-matter growth is only logarithmic until equality. Subsequent matter-era growth multiplies all these modes by the same linear growth factor.
Equivalently, if the conventional matter transfer function is normalized to one as , it is constant for and falls approximately as for . Multiplication by the Poisson factor gives the behavior of the definition used here.