Stellar feedback

Stellar feedback is the transfer of energy, momentum, mass, and newly formed elements from stars to surrounding matter through radiation, winds, supernovae, and cosmic rays.

If a virialized, well-mixed self-gravitating system instantaneously retains mass fraction $ϵ>1/2$, homologous revirialization gives $R^{\prime }/R=ϵ/(2ϵ-1)$. At or below one half, the idealized remnant is unbound.

If a self-gravitating system loses mass slowly compared with its orbital times, adiabatic invariance gives $MR=\text{constant}$ in the homologous approximation, so retaining fraction $ϵ$ expands the system by $R^{\prime }/R=1/ϵ$.