Distinct squared traction-free eigenfrequencies in a bounded lossless elastic body have eigenfunctions orthogonal in , by the Betti identity for elastodynamic fields. Normalize one field from each eigenspace. This is an orthonormal set in a separable Hilbert space, so it is countable: disjoint balls of radius less than around its unit vectors must contain distinct points of a countable dense set. Positive and negative frequency partners add at most a factor of two. This argument proves countability without requiring a separate compact-resolvent proof.
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