A mobile ion whose charge has the opposite sign to a charged macromolecule, surface or other fixed species. Its local concentration can increase close to that fixed charge; counterion condensation distinguishes a bound fraction that remains localized in an infinite-dilution limit.
A weakly coordinating anion balances charge while binding only weakly to the cationic reaction center. Delocalized charge, low basicity and steric shielding can leave a metal coordination site accessible. Weak coordination is relative, not an assertion that ion pairing is absent.

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