Cubic polytropic interior

The interior Helmholtz equation for a polytrope of index one also admits a positive solution vanishing on the faces of a cube:Its central value is ${\rho }_c$ and its average is $\bar{\rho }=8{\rho }_c/{\pi }^3$. Together with $\Phi =C-2K\rho$, it solves the interior hydrostatic equilibrium and Poisson equation for Newtonian gravity. A local interior solution need not match the external field of its own mass.

For the cubic polytropic interior, $\nabla \rho$ vanishes at each vertex, so the locally defined potential $\Phi =C-2K\rho$ predicts zero gravitational acceleration there. But at the vertex $(0,0,0)$, the actual self-gravitational acceleration of the positive mass distribution iswhose three components are strictly positive. The fields cannot match continuously. Thus the interior Helmholtz equation and zero density on the faces do not construct an isolated static cubic star. External stresses or an external gravitational field would be needed to realize such a boundary-value construction.

The sine-product cubic polytropic interior has zero mass density gradient at every corner. Its hydrostatic potential $C-2K\rho$ therefore has zero gradient there. In contrast, at a corner of a cube containing a positive mass density, every interior mass element contributes a gravitational-potential gradient pointing into the same coordinate octant. Each component of the gradient is strictly nonzero. This directly proves failure of global isolated gravitational matching, even though the interior hydrostatic and Poisson equations hold.