Effective temperature ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$)

Effective temperature is a concept used in various scientific fields, particularly in astronomy and climatology, to describe the temperature of an object or system, taking into account various factors that affect its energy balance. 1. **Astronomy**: In the context of stars, the effective temperature is the temperature that a black body (an idealized physical body that absorbs all incoming radiation) would need to emit the same amount of total energy as the star.