Fermi interaction

The Fermi interaction is the low-energy four-fermion approximation to the weak charged current. Integrating out a W boson gives its coefficient $G_F/\sqrt{2}=g^2/(8M_W^2)$ at tree level.

For a tree-level left-handed three-body decay with one massive final fermion and two massless ones, the integrated width relative to the all-massless result includes $f(r)=1-8r+8r^3-r^4-12r^2\ln r$, where $r$ is the squared final-to-parent mass ratio. It satisfies $f(0)=1$ and $f(1)=0$. It is not a universal factor for channels with several massive daughters.

For a massive charged vector with interaction $-\kappa (W^{+}J+W^{-}{J}^{†})$, neglect derivatives at momenta small compared with its mass. Completing the square in $m_W^2{W}^{+}{W}^{-}$ leaves $-{\kappa }^2{J}^{†}J/m_W^2$. With $\kappa =g/(2\sqrt{2})$ this yields the Fermi constant relation $G_F/\sqrt{2}=g^2/(8m_W^2)$. Corrections contain extra derivatives and are suppressed by momentum squared over the heavy mass squared.

For a left-handed incoming neutrino, unpolarized electrons, and electron vector/axial couplings $c_V,c_A$, the four-fermion interaction gives $\overline{|\mathcal{M}{|}^2}=4G_F^2[(c_V+c_A{)}^2{s}^2+(c_V-c_A{)}^2{u}^2]$. Integrating massless two-body Lorentz-invariant phase space yields $\sigma =G_F^{2}s(c_V^2+c_V{c}_A+c_A^2)/(3\pi )$. The electron spin average is included, while no sterile neutrino helicity is averaged in.

Crossing a massless neutrino to an antineutrino reverses the antisymmetric part of its spin tensor. The $s^2$ and $u^2$ weights exchange, giving ${\sigma }_{\bar{\nu }}=G_F^{2}s[(c_V-c_A{)}^2+(c_V+c_A{)}^2/3]/(4\pi )$ for the same electron couplings. This is a low-energy contact statement rather than a replacement for a full weak-boson propagator.

Electron-neutrino scattering has a charged-current contribution absent for muon neutrinos. Fierz rearrangement combined with the external fermionic sign adds a left-electron current: $c_V\to c_V+1$, $c_A\to c_A+1$. The right-electron coupling stays unchanged; the left-electron coupling increases by two.