For a planar elastic filament under positive constant extension force , the quadratic force-controlled energy isThe higher-order Euler-Lagrange equation is . On a periodic interval or in a bulk Fourier transform treatment, every nonzero mode obeys the displayed transfer relation. The length deficit is , so its ensemble value is determined by the power spectrum of the quenched intrinsic curvature. Boundary conditions must be specified for a finite filament.
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