Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden counted large-angle deflections of alpha particles from metal targets. Their 1909 work used visible scintillations to register particles scattered back toward the incident side, establishing that rare strong deflections required explanation. Their 1913 measurements tested the angular dependence more systematically with thin targets. Comparing count rates with target thickness, incident energy and observation angle helped turn the concentrated-charge picture of Rutherford scattering into a quantitative experimental test.[ref]
The Laws of Deflexion of Alpha Particles through Large Angles by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. 1913 paper, experimental angular and target-dependence tests
A physicist.[ref]
https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/history/people-portraits/hans-geiger. Independent biographical identity and professional specialization
Portrait of Hans Geiger
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Hans Geiger was a German physicist, best known for his work in nuclear physics and for co-developing the Geiger counter, an instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. Born on September 30, 1882, Geiger made significant contributions to the understanding of atomic structure and radiation.