Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 115 2 b Solution 2026-09-28
The overlap is in the coordinate , and radial projection is a deformation retraction onto . The homotopy invariance of de Rham cohomology identifies its first de Rham cohomology with that of , and the identification is compatible with integration around the unit circle. Hence the same integral map is an isomorphism.