2001 isolated attosecond pulse experiment Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-10-20
The experiment involving Ferenc Krausz combined a subfemtosecond soft-X-ray pulse with a few-cycle visible electric field. Its delay-dependent krypton photoelectron spectra tested the field-controlled response. The reported pulse duration was attoseconds. Changing delay compared the emitted electron distributions at different reference phases; the spectral-width trace supplied a further duration-sensitive observable.[ref]
Attosecond metrology by Michael Hentschel and others. Attosecond metrology, abstract and Figs.3–5: krypton spectra, delay scan and width
The distinction from RABBITT is the measurement regime and reconstruction, rather than merely calling one trace a clock. The attosecond streaking momentum map is a limiting model; a finite-duration wave packet requires a quantum transition calculation. Inferring an emission delay also requires separating the illuminating pulse's spectral phase from the target response. The measurement supports time-dependent photoionization in a specified model, with no unique classical electron trajectory inside an atomic orbital implied.
Krypton Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-11-05
Krypton is the chemical element with atomic number 36 and symbol . It is a noble gas. It is a monatomic gas under ordinary conditions and occurs as a minor component of air. Electrical excitation produces characteristic emission lines, connecting its atomic levels with lighting and spectroscopy.[ref]