L. L. Lucas authored a 2000 comparison of water standards containing tritium, using liquid scintillation counting to measure their massic activity ratios. Massic activity is radioactive activity divided by sample mass. The work compared these measured ratios with ratios obtained from recorded mass-based dilutions, finding agreement within the stated measurement uncertainties.[ref]
Massic Activity Ratios of the NBS/NIST Tritiated-Water Standards Issued Between 1954 and 1999 by L. L. Lucas. Abstract, Journal of Research of NIST 105 (2000), pp. 535–539; DOI 10.6028/jres.105.042.
The comparison illustrates an important measurement calibration principle: independently obtained ratios can test consistency without making every source of error disappear. Agreement between counting and dilution supports the relationship between the standards. It does not imply zero measurement uncertainty, nor does it by itself establish an absolute radioactive activity scale. The study's contribution was a quantitative connection between reference samples, rather than simply a count from one detector.[ref]
Massic Activity Ratios of the NBS/NIST Tritiated-Water Standards Issued Between 1954 and 1999 by L. L. Lucas. Abstract: measured ratios versus gravimetric-dilution ratios.
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