A Néel state is a two-sublattice product state with antiparallel spin polarization on the two sublattices. It is the classical ordered reference state of a bipartite antiferromagnet.
The Néel order parameter is the slowly varying staggered magnetization of an antiferromagnet. On a bipartite lattice it changes sign between neighboring sublattices before coarse graining.
The staggered magnetization weights the local magnetization with opposite signs on the two sublattices of a bipartite graph. It is nonzero in a Néel state even when the uniform magnetization vanishes.
The uniform magnetization is the nonalternating component of local spin polarization. In a nearly Néel-ordered antiferromagnet it describes the small canting shared by the two sublattices.
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