Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 ii Paper 1 14D b ii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For ,Its only pole is , so direct inspection gives stability exactly whenapart from the excluded boundary.
For the Nyquist stability criterion, let . The open loop has no right-half-plane poles, so . On the clockwise right-half-plane contour, the winding number of about zero, equivalently of about , satisfieswhere is the number of unstable closed-loop poles. The Nyquist locusis the circle with diameter joining and on the real axis, completed by its conjugate half.