Past exam of the materials science course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / Paper 1 / 7 / a / Solution

A diamond anvil cell concentrates force onto tiny opposing culets, reaching very high pressure with small samples and useful optical access through diamond; its small volume, pressure gradients, alignment demands and difficulties with some heating or sample environments can limit experiments. A multi-anvil press supports a much larger sample and is useful for high-temperature synthesis and bulk measurements, but usually reaches lower ultimate pressures and has more restricted optical access. Hydrostaticity, attainable temperature and calibration depend on the actual apparatus and pressure medium; neither design guarantees uniform pressure.