Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 2 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2015 / Paper 1 / 7 / c / Solution

Write $g=u+iv$ and assume its domain is open and connected. If the constant modulus is zero then $g=0$. Otherwise let $u^2+v^2=c^2>0$. Differentiating this identity and using the Cauchy-Riemann equations givesThese are a linear system for $u_x,v_x$ with coefficient matrix $\left(\begin{array}{cc}u& v\\ v& -u\end{array}\right)$, whose determinant is $-c^2\ne 0$. Therefore $u_x=v_x=0$, and the Cauchy-Riemann equations also give $u_y=v_y=0$. It follows thatThis proves the constant-modulus holomorphic function result directly. On a disconnected domain the same conclusion holds separately on each connected component, but the constants can differ.