Minimal electromagnetic coupling changes the canonical momentum to p=γmr˙+qA. The mechanical momentum is π=p−qA. The Legendre transform yieldsThe cancellation of qr˙⋅A in the Legendre transform does not remove magnetic effects: A remains in the relation between canonical and mechanical momenta. The expression is the relativistic kinetic-plus-rest energy with an electrostatic potential-energy term, expressed in canonical variables.
H(r,p,t)=m2c4+c2[p−qA(r,t)]2+qϕ(r,t).
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