Past exam of the symmetry and relativity course of the University of Oxford / 2019 / 2 / a

Use the inverse standard Lorentz boost, $t={\gamma }_v(t^{\prime }+v{x}^{\prime }/c^2)$ and $x={\gamma }_v(x^{\prime }+v{t}^{\prime })$. Label two rod endpoints by a separation $\Delta x^{\prime }=L$; their world lines satisfy $y^{\prime }=u{t}^{\prime }$. A rod's orientation in $S$ must compare endpoint events simultaneous in $S$, not in $S^{\prime }$. ConsequentlyThenThe signed counterclockwise angle therefore satisfiesFor positive $u,v$, the rod slopes downward to the right, so the acute clockwise angle is $\arctan ({\gamma }_{v}uv/c^2)$. This is a relativity of simultaneity effect in addition to the longitudinal length contraction; the rod is not being mechanically bent by the coordinate change.