Generalized Langevin equation 2026-10-25
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A Langevin equation with a friction memory kernel, rather than only instantaneous friction. The equation couples the velocity to its earlier history through a causal convolution. Equilibrium noise and friction are related by a generalized fluctuation-dissipation relation. The name extends the Langevin equation associated with Paul Langevin.
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Paul Langevin 2026-10-24
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Figure 1.
Portrait of Paul Langevin
. Photographer not identified; Wellcome Library/Collection, London, image V0028220; existing Langevin portrait crop. CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.
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