The converse effect of piezoelectricity converts an applied electric potential difference into a small mechanical deformation, permitting fine control of a tunnel junction's separation.
A transducer using stress-induced electrical charge. A uniformly loaded slab of thickness has ideal open-circuit voltage sensitivity ; leakage and input capacitance change its measured response.
The change in output voltage per input stress under specified geometry, loading direction, frequency and electrical boundary conditions.
Linear electrical-displacement response to mechanical stress in a suitable piezoelectric material. It is distinct from the converse effect, in which an applied electric field causes strain. The measured voltage also depends on electrical loading and mechanical constraints.
For electrically isolated electrodes with unchanged free charge, the increment of normal electric displacement field is approximately zero. A constitutive relation such as then gives an induced field that balances stress-induced displacement. Finite leakage and input capacitance modify the voltage response.
A tensor coefficient relating an increment of electrical displacement to stress, or the corresponding converse strain response to electric field, under stated constitutive conventions. Charge-per-force units are equivalent to displacement-per-voltage units for the usual coefficients.
Dependence of piezoelectric displacement on the history and direction of the applied voltage. It differs from the continuing time-dependent relaxation called piezoelectric scanner creep.
Slow displacement relaxation following a change in piezoelectric scanner drive, even after the commanded voltage is held fixed. Settling and position-sensor closed-loop control reduce its effect on image coordinates.
Mechanical strain induced by an applied electric field. It complements the direct conversion of mechanical stress into electrical polarization.
A material exhibiting piezoelectricity, used in the Curie ionization-current measurement to supply a controlled electric charge.
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Piezoelectricity is the electrical charge that accumulates in certain materials (known as piezoelectric materials) in response to applied mechanical stress. When these materials are deformed—either by compression, tension, or shear—they generate an electrical voltage. Conversely, applying an electrical voltage to these materials can induce a mechanical deformation. The term "piezoelectric" comes from the Greek word "piezein," which means "to press.
