Original printed Act, enacted 28 July 1863. Section 2 provides inspection, seizure and a justice's disposal order for unfit food; it does not provide an exhaustive disease-by-disease whole-carcass list.
Present United States comparative criteria, specifically §311.2, tuberculosis and §311.16, carcasses presenting a food-poisoning risk. These are not English law in 1864.
“Where does lead come from?” and “How does lead get into drinking water?”: plumbing, stagnation, temperature, water hardness, disturbance and intermittent particles.
Present institutional explanation of lead solubility, pH, alkalinity and deposits; used for chemistry, not a period legal limit.
1865, volume 12, p.154. Primary tract on cleanliness, deodorization and proposed disinfectants. Its recipes, miasma explanations and oxygen-refreshing claims are not endorsed.
Institutional explanation of epidemic risks, enteric disease, contact exposures and mosquito breeding. Cited to distinguish exposure routes, not to prescribe a historical water allowance.
January 1861, 27(53), pp.38–48; especially pp.43–46, an asserted lime-water explanation for goitre and cretinism. This primary period review documents the historical belief, not a correct modern causal conclusion. PMC metadata misspells “Soldier” as “Solider”.
Current institutional fact sheet: enteric infections, chemically contaminated water and lead from water-system components. “Water and health” separates several mechanisms.
Second edition, 1855, pp.55–98, institutional transcription of the water-supply comparison. Corroborating complete transcription: www.academia.dk/MedHist/Biblioteket/Print/snow_1855.html.
Institutional technical guide, “How to Calculate Airflow Rate from a Velocity Probe Measurement”: cross-sectional averaging and anemometer limitations. Used as a modern comparison rather than a historical instrument specification.
2020 HOMES/PT model input protocol. Source cessation, tracer concentration decay, background conditions and interpretation; a later measurement comparison.
International Journal of Legal Medicine 127(2), 2013, pp.447–451; doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0727-1. Primary prospective study abstract: four false negatives despite reported prior life. No universal accuracy guarantee is inferred.
Original case-record investigation published in 2013, pp.2498–2501, doi:10.4045/tidsskr.13.0898. Full title begins “The child has lived and breathed.” Discusses historical theory, decomposition and actual use of flotation tests.
Present US regulation 29 CFR 1910.146, cited solely as a technical comparison for atmosphere testing, ventilation and rescue. Not represented as English law in 1865.
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: properties, gas density, symptoms and target organs. No background-atmosphere value or occupational numerical limit is imported into the historical answer.
Institutional account of groundwater and surface-water contamination, including nutrients and pathogens. Cited sections: Protect Your Drinking Water Well, Protect Your Local Surface Water and frequent questions on water quality.
Institutional source-water guidance. Cited Contaminants That Can Affect Drinking Water, Nutrients: sources of nitrate. The solution uses the source account, not the page's modern legal limit.
Institutional guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cited Overview and Exposure sections: plumbing sources, corrosion, water chemistry and contact conditions. No modern regulatory provision is used as an 1865 rule.
Institutional chemical fact sheet. Cited passage: Chemical Fact Sheets, hardness, printed p. 377, naturally low mineral content of rainwater and the soap-reaction description. Used to corroborate chemistry and qualify the historical generalization, not to supply a numerical health threshold.
January 1865, pp.37–38 in review of the 1860–1863 Medical Officer reports. Analytical disagreement, phosphate interference and reagent contamination in alum determination.
London, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1855. Introduction and “Bread, and its Adulterations”, including p.143: observed samples must be distinguished from general allegations.
Environmental infection-control guideline, Air sampling. Method-dependent results, comparison conditions, limits on interpretation and settling plates.
NIOSH method 0500, Issue 2, 15 August 1994. Modern gravimetric measurement, controlled filter handling and field blanks; no claim that its specified occupational range detects all hospital bioaerosols.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, fifth edition, method 6016. Modern acid-treated sorbent and ion-chromatographic analytical comparison.
Current household care guidance includes laundering, boiling or chlorine options, drying, handwashing and protection of drinking-water sources.
Glasgow Medical Journal 1(6), October 1866, pp.244–246. Primary instructions on soiled linen, discharge contamination and period disinfectants; alkaline-decomposition theory explicitly distinguished from current knowledge.
Transcribed primary 1866 report. Discussion of tar acids and sulphurous acid is historical evidence of contemporary evaluation; animal-disease experiments are not treated as proof for every human infection.
Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities: chlorine compounds and phenolics, mechanisms and limitations.
Institutional identification method: post-mortem and ante-mortem records, dental and genetic identification, and reconciliation.
Institutional expert interview: skeletal age, adult pelvic morphology and long-bone estimation of stature.
Institutional explanation of skeletal growth, sex estimation, pathology and comparative collections.
Training curriculum, Session 11, documentation of sexual assault: consent, objective injury descriptions and the limitations of absent physical evidence.
16 October 2018, interagency statement WHO/RHR/18.15. No examination can establish sexual history from hymenal appearance or vaginal laxity.
2003, chapter 4, especially sections 4.5–4.6, examination, injuries and specimen collection. Historical legal elements are supported separately by the original 1861 statute.
24 & 25 Vict. c.100, original enacted text, 6 August 1861. Section 48: rape a felony; section 63: penetration sufficient for carnal knowledge without emission.
Fact sheet; overview and health effects of inhaled pollutants.
Fact sheet; “Sanitation and health” and “WHO response”.
Contemporary review, p.23, describing competing drainage and collection proposals and the risk of operational failure.
Journal of Mental Science 11(56), January 1866, pp.609–610. Contemporary evidence that the practice was being discussed before the Oxford examination; not proof of universal safety.
New York: William Wood, 1884. Pages 59–60 record the 294-day interval and case 112 (1834). This is retrospective evidence about the earlier decision, not a source to substitute for contemporary 1867 statutes.
Digitized transcription of the 1853–1860 eighth edition, with a link to the National Library of Scotland scan. Part I, Section I, VI.3 states that English law has no definite upper limit for gestation.
Original research, Frontiers in Medicine 8:802841, published 24 December 2021. A pilot study of immunohistochemistry in decomposed forensic material; the authors describe its conclusions as inconclusive and advocate combined markers.
16 & 17 Vict. c.96, enacted 20 August 1853. Original printed statute; especially §§4–5, 10, 12–13 and Schedule A.
Official training page distinguishing crystal confirmation of blood from human-origin testing using antisera.
Unit II of Sourcebook in Forensic Serology, Immunology, and Biochemistry. §§3–6 cover historical identification, microscopic methods, crystals and spectral methods.
Institutional guidance by the National Health and Medical Research Council. Cited sections: Guideline, General description, Indicator value and application in practice. These concern indicator specificity, the 100 mL sample criterion and limits concerning protozoa and viruses.
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