Relativistic rocket equation ($m{\gamma }^{2}dv+udm=0$)

For collinear motion without external forces, a rocket ejecting material backwards at constant speed $u$ in its instantaneous rest frame obeys $m{\gamma }^{2}dv+udm=0$. Here $m$ is the rocket's rest mass, including stored internal energy, and $\gamma$ is its Lorentz factor in the chosen inertial frame. The equation follows from momentum conservation, conservation of relativistic energy, and the relativistic velocity-addition formula; expelled rest mass is not simply the decrease in rocket rest mass.