Stereoisomers have the same chemical bond connectivity but different spatial arrangements. A mirror pair of distinct stereoisomers comprises enantiomers; diastereomers have no mirror-pair relation.
Different spatial arrangements of a fixed ligand connectivity, including cis and trans arrangements in square-planar or octahedral complexes.
For ideal with equivalent ends of each chelate, the monodentate donors can be trans or cis. The cis form has two mirror-related configurations; the trans form is achiral when the chelate backbones introduce no additional stereochemistry.
A stereoisomer distinguished by the spatial arrangement of connected groups, such as cis versus trans ligands.
Geometric isomers share connectivity but differ in spatial relationships such as cis/trans or facial/meridional coordination. A reflected chiral facial complex instead gives an enantiomer.
In an octahedral meridional isomer, three selected like donors lie in a plane through the metal and include one trans pair. For three unsymmetrical bidentate ligands, this changes both steric contacts and the identity of opposite donor pairs.
In an octahedral facial isomer, three selected like donors occupy one triangular face and are pairwise cis. Unsymmetrical bidentate ligands can give facial and meridional isomers, each with distinct optical configurations.
Diastereomers are different stereoisomers that are not enantiomers. The meso compound form of tartaric acid is a diastereomer of either member of its enantiomer pair.
The anomeric carbon is the former carbonyl group carbon that becomes a stereocenter on ring closure: C1 of glucose. It is an existing chemical atom, not an added one.
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