Vanadium ($\mathrm{V}$)

Vanadium is the chemical element with atomic number 23 and symbol $\mathrm{V}$. It is a transition metal. It supports several oxidation states, producing differently colored ions in solution. Vanadium-containing alloys strengthen steel, while vanadium oxides participate in oxidation catalysis; the same element therefore plays distinct structural and chemical roles.^[ref]