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A water dimer refers to a molecular entity formed by two water molecules (H₂O) that are held together by intermolecular forces, primarily hydrogen bonds. In a water dimer, each water molecule can act as both a hydrogen bond donor and an acceptor due to its polar nature, resulting in a stable association between the two molecules. When two water molecules come close together, the oxygen atom of one water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with the hydrogen atoms of the other water molecule.