Valuation of options refers to the process of determining the fair value or price of an options contract. Options are financial derivatives that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) an underlying asset at a specified price (the strike price) within a specified time period (until the expiration date). There are several methods and models used to value options, with the most common being: ### 1.

Value investing is an investment strategy that involves selecting stocks or other assets that appear undervalued in the marketplace. The core premise of value investing is that the market does not always price securities accurately, leading to opportunities where stocks can be purchased for less than their intrinsic value. Value investors seek to buy these undervalued securities with the expectation that their prices will eventually rise to reflect their true worth.

As of my last update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized individual or entity named Vanessa Robins. It's possible that she could be a private individual, a less-known public figure, or a character from a work of fiction. If there's been recent news or developments regarding Vanessa Robins after October 2021, I would not have that information. Could you provide more context or specify in what domain you're referring to her (e.g., literature, sports, business)?

Vapor density is a measure of the density of a vapor in relation to the density of air. It is defined as the mass of a certain volume of vapor compared to the mass of an equal volume of air under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. Vapor density is typically expressed as a dimensionless ratio or in units like grams per liter.

Friedrich Paschen (1865–1947) was a German physicist known for his contributions to spectroscopy and atomic physics. He is most famously associated with Paschen's Law, which describes the relationship between the pressure of a gas and the potential difference necessary to produce a spark across it. Paschen is particularly noted for identifying the Paschen series in the hydrogen spectrum, which concerns the wavelengths of light emitted by hydrogen when electrons transition between energy levels.

Verizon Communications Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is a pivotal case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2014. The case revolves around the FCC's authority to regulate broadband internet service and its net neutrality rules, which were established to ensure that internet service providers (ISPs) treat all data on the internet equally and do not discriminate or charge differently by user, content, website, platform, application, or method of communication.

Vernon Chinchilli is not a widely recognized term or name in popular culture, literature, or science up to my last knowledge update in October 2023. It could refer to an obscure character, a local figure, or even a specific nickname in a niche context.

Vertical deflection refers to the displacement or movement of a structure, such as a beam, bridge, or any structural component, in the vertical direction due to applied loads or environmental factors. It is an important consideration in structural engineering, as excessive vertical deflection can affect the performance, safety, and serviceability of the structure.

"Vibrations per hour" (VPH) is a measurement used to quantify the amount of vibrations an object experiences over the course of an hour. It can be relevant in various fields, including engineering, mechanics, and even healthcare. The concept typically relates to the frequency and intensity of vibrations which can affect machinery performance, structural integrity, and even human health. When measured, the vibrations can be represented in cycles, where one cycle represents a complete vibration movement.

Victor A. Vyssotsky is a notable figure in the fields of computer science and artificial intelligence. He is known for his work in the early development of computer programming and systems. Vyssotsky played a significant role in the development of several programming languages and is often associated with innovations in computer architecture. His contributions have had a lasting impact on the evolution of computing technologies.

Videotex is an early form of electronic communication that provides information over telephone lines to a television set or a dedicated terminal. It emerged in the late 1970s and was primarily designed to deliver digital text and graphics for purposes such as news, weather, classified ads, and other information services.

Vi Hart is a mathematician, educator, and YouTube personality known for her engaging and creative approach to teaching mathematics through visual art and storytelling. She gained popularity for her unique style of "math doodling," where she combines hand-drawn animations with explanations of mathematical concepts in an entertaining and accessible way. Her videos often explore topics such as geometry, number theory, and mathematical patterns, making complex ideas more relatable and understandable for a broader audience.

Virtual pets are digital simulations of pets that users can interact with and care for through electronic devices, such as computers, smartphones, or gaming consoles. They can take various forms, including: 1. **Gaming Apps**: Mobile or console games where users raise and care for virtual animals, often incorporating elements like feeding, grooming, and playing.

The concept of the "plane at infinity" arises primarily in projective geometry. In this context, it serves as an abstract mathematical tool to facilitate the study of geometric properties that remain invariant under perspective transformations. ### Key Points about the Plane at Infinity: 1. **Projective Geometry**: In projective geometry, points and lines are considered up to a certain equivalence relation.

Virginia Carter could refer to several different subjects, depending on the context. It might refer to a person (possibly a public figure, author, fictional character, or a private individual), a brand, or something else entirely. Without additional context, it's challenging to provide a specific answer.

Plaintext refers to data that is in a readable and understandable format without any encryption or encoding applied to it. It is the original unaltered version of information, allowing it to be readily understood by humans or processed by machines. For example, a simple text document or an unencoded message is considered plaintext.

Plainview Hospital, located in Plainview, New York, is a medical facility that offers a range of healthcare services to the community. As part of the Northwell Health system, it provides various services including emergency care, surgical services, maternity care, and outpatient services. The hospital focuses on delivering quality healthcare and often emphasizes patient-centered care, advanced medical technology, and community outreach programs. Plainview Hospital typically caters to the health needs of residents in the surrounding areas, providing accessible medical care.

The 11th century was a period during which significant advancements in mathematics occurred, particularly in the Islamic world, as well as in Europe. Here are some noteworthy mathematicians and their contributions during this time: 1. **Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850)**: Although he lived earlier than the 11th century, his works were influential well into the 11th century. Al-Khwarizmi is often referred to as the "father of algebra.

"13123 Tyson" does not seem to correspond to any widely known concept, place, or term as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It could be a specific address, a code, or a reference to something that is more obscure or localized.