The International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM) is a global organization that promotes the development and application of physics and engineering principles in medicine and healthcare. Founded in 1980, IUPESM serves as a platform for professionals in the fields of medical physics, biomedical engineering, and health technology to collaborate, share knowledge, and facilitate advancements in medical technologies.

Abacus School typically refers to educational institutions that focus on teaching mathematics using the abacus, a traditional calculating tool. These schools often emphasize mental arithmetic and cognitive development through the use of the abacus, helping students improve their calculation speed and accuracy. In some regions, especially in Asia, Abacus schools are popular and may offer programs for children as young as three years old. The curriculum often includes lessons on basic arithmetic operations, number sense, and cognitive skills that contribute to overall mathematical understanding.

Abraham bar Hiyya, also known as Abraham ben Hiyya or by his Latin name, Petrus de Hispania, was a Jewish scholar, mathematician, and philosopher from the medieval period. He lived during the 11th or 12th century in Spain, particularly in the region of the Iberian Peninsula that was then influenced by both Jewish and Islamic cultures.

In philosophy, "property" generally refers to the characteristics or attributes that belong to an object or entity. It is a fundamental concept in various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Here are a few key aspects of how "property" is understood in these contexts: 1. **Metaphysical Properties**: In metaphysics, properties are often examined in relation to objects.

Military meteorology is a specialized field of meteorology that focuses on the effects of weather and climate on military operations. It involves the study, analysis, and application of atmospheric conditions to support military planning, training, and operations. Here are some key aspects of military meteorology: 1. **Weather Forecasting**: Military meteorologists provide detailed weather forecasts tailored to specific operational needs. This includes forecasting for combat missions, training exercises, and logistics.

Jordanus de Nemore, often referred to as Jordanus of Nemore, was a medieval mathematician and logician active in the 13th century. He is best known for his work in the fields of mathematics, especially geometry and combinatorics.

The term "multiple occupancy view" typically refers to a perspective or model in various contexts where multiple entities or occupants share a space or resource. This concept is prevalent in fields such as urban planning, architecture, data visualization, and even in the context of software design.

Ionic Coulomb blockade refers to a transport phenomenon observed in systems where ionic charge carriers (such as ions in an electrolyte) are confined within a nanoscale system, often resembling the more widely studied electronic Coulomb blockade observed in mesoscopic systems. In the typical electronic Coulomb blockade, the conduction of electrons through quantum dots or small conductive islands is inhibited when the energy required to add an extra electron to the island exceeds the available thermal energy.

The Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS) is a prominent research institute in Sweden that focuses on various areas of computer science and information technology. It aims to conduct high-quality research and development in collaboration with industry, academia, and public organizations. Established in the late 1980s, SICS works on a wide range of topics, including software engineering, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and network technology.

Mental calculators, often referred to as mental math or mental calculation, are individuals who possess the ability to perform mathematical calculations quickly and accurately in their heads, without the use of physical aids like calculators or pen and paper. This skill involves the use of various techniques and strategies to simplify calculations, including: 1. **Memorization:** Many mental calculators memorize multiplication tables and key mathematical constants (like π) to speed up calculations.

Albedo features on Mercury refer to the variations in reflectivity on the planet's surface, which are often due to differences in composition, texture, and geological history. Mercury has a variety of albedo features that have been identified, mainly from observations by spacecraft like Mariner 10 and MESSENGER.

Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, has a surface marked by craters due to its lack of atmosphere, which means that impacts from meteoroids and comets over billions of years have been well-preserved. Here is a list of some notable craters on Mercury: 1. **Caloris Basin** - One of the largest impact basins in the solar system, approximately 1,550 km (960 mi) in diameter.

In philosophy, the concept of identity refers to the characteristics, properties, and relations that make an entity or individual distinct from others and consistent over time. The discussion of identity encompasses various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and social philosophy. Here are some key aspects and themes related to identity in philosophical discourse: 1. **Personal Identity**: This aspect deals with what it means for a person to be the same individual over time.

Divine simplicity is a philosophical and theological concept that refers to the nature of God as being entirely simple, without complexity, composition, or parts. This notion is often discussed within the context of classical theism and is closely associated with the views of various medieval theologians, particularly figures like Augustine, Anselm, and Aquinas. Key aspects of divine simplicity include: 1. **Unity**: God's nature is unified and indivisible.

Gunk is a concept in mereology, which is the branch of philosophy that studies the relations between parts and wholes. Specifically, gunk refers to a type of substance or material that is infinitely divisible, meaning that it can be divided into smaller and smaller parts without ever reaching a fundamental or indivisible unit. In the context of mereology, gunk challenges traditional notions of indivisible atoms or smallest parts of matter.

The Remez algorithm is a numerical method used to find the best uniform approximation of a continuous function by a polynomial. It is particularly useful in the context of Chebyshev approximations and is a technique for minimizing the maximum deviation (error) between a function and its polynomial approximation. The algorithm is named after the Russian mathematician Evgeny Remez.

Mereological essentialism is a philosophical view regarding the nature of objects and their parts. It holds that an object's identity is essentially tied to its parts; that is, an object cannot lose any of its parts without ceasing to be the same object. According to mereological essentialism, the very identity of an object is dependent on the specific parts that make it up, and if those parts are changed (removed, replaced, or altered), then the object itself is changed or destroyed.

Mereological nihilism is a philosophical position in the domain of metaphysics that asserts that there are no composite objects—that is, all objects are fundamental and there are no objects that are made up of parts. In essence, mereological nihilists argue that only simples or "simple objects" exist, where a simple object is something that does not have parts and cannot be divided further.