The classical limit is a concept in physics that refers to the behavior of quantum systems as they transition to classical systems, typically as certain parameters approach appropriate limits. It describes the conditions under which quantum mechanical systems can be approximated by classical mechanics. Here are a few key points about the classical limit: 1. **Planck's Constant**: One of the most important factors in the classical limit is Planck's constant (h).

Criticism of science encompasses various perspectives and concerns raised about the practices, methodologies, assumptions, implications, and impacts of scientific inquiry. Here are some key areas where criticism can occur: 1. **Methodological Limitations**: Critics may argue that scientific methods can be limited by biases, such as selection bias, confirmation bias, or funding biases. The reproducibility crisis, where many studies cannot be replicated, has also highlighted potential flaws in scientific methods and practices.

A Dyson Sphere is a hypothetical megastructure proposed by physicist Freeman Dyson in a 1960 paper. The concept involves surrounding a star with a vast structure or network of solar energy-collecting panels, satellites, or other materials in order to capture a significant portion of the star's energy output. This idea stems from the notion that as civilizations evolve, their energy consumption increases dramatically, and a Dyson Sphere would enable a technologically advanced civilization to harness energy on a grand scale.

Feminist philosophy of science is a field that critically examines the ways in which gender influences the practice, theory, and social implications of science. It seeks to uncover and challenge biases that have historically marginalized women and other gender minorities within scientific disciplines and practices. Here are some key aspects of feminist philosophy of science: 1. **Critique of Objectivity**: Feminist philosophers often argue that traditional notions of scientific objectivity are problematic.

Functional contextualism is a philosophical perspective and approach to understanding psychological phenomena. It emphasizes the importance of context in interpreting behavior and psychological processes. Broadly, it considers the meaning and function of actions within specific situational contexts rather than seeking absolute truths or universal laws that apply across different situations. Key principles of functional contextualism include: 1. **Contextual Understanding:** It posits that behavior cannot be fully understood without considering the environmental, historical, and social contexts in which it occurs.

Dorkbot is a type of malware that primarily operates as a worm and botnet. It is designed to infect Windows-based systems and has been associated with various malicious activities, including the theft of personal information, credential harvesting, and distributing other forms of malware. Key characteristics of Dorkbot include: 1. **Propagation**: Dorkbot spreads through various means, including social engineering tactics, such as phishing emails or malicious links shared on social media.

Harold W. Kuhn is an American mathematician known for his contributions to game theory and operations research. Born on August 24, 1925, he is perhaps best known for coining the term "Nash equilibrium" in the context of non-cooperative game theory, a concept that has had a significant impact on economics, social sciences, and military strategy.

Nomology is a term that refers to the study of laws or principles, often in a scientific or philosophical context. In various fields, it can denote different things: 1. **Philosophy**: In philosophy, particularly in metaphysics, nomology can refer to the investigation of the nature and implications of laws regarding causation, natural laws, and moral laws.

The Medawar Lecture is an annual lecture organized by the Royal Society, named after Sir Peter Medawar, a British biologist and Nobel laureate recognized for his work in immunology and tissue transplantation. The lecture series honors his contributions to science and is aimed at promoting public understanding of science. The Medawar Lecture typically features a prominent scientist or researcher who presents an engaging talk on a topic that reflects the latest developments in the biological sciences or related fields.

In the context of philosophy, neutrality often refers to the stance of remaining impartial or unbiased in discussions or analyses of moral, ethical, or political issues. Here are a few key aspects of neutrality in philosophical discourse: 1. **Epistemic Neutrality**: This pertains to the idea of withholding judgments on certain beliefs or positions in order to maintain objectivity. Philosophers may argue that being epistemically neutral allows for a more thorough investigation of different viewpoints without the influence of personal biases.

The philosophy of chemistry is a subfield of the philosophy of science that specifically addresses the foundational, conceptual, and methodological issues related to the discipline of chemistry. It explores questions concerning the nature of chemical substances, the principles and theories that govern chemical interactions, the relationship between chemistry and other sciences (particularly physics), and the interpretation of chemical knowledge. Here are some key themes within the philosophy of chemistry: 1. **Ontology of Chemical Substances**: This concerns questions about what chemical substances are.

Humanetics is a biotechnology company known for its work in the field of drug development and the study of human health. It focuses on innovating and advancing therapies, particularly in areas such as immunotherapy, oncology, and other critical healthcare sectors. The company often leverages scientific research, technology, and data analytics to create treatments that address unmet medical needs.

Postnormal times is a concept introduced by philosopher Ziauddin Sardar to describe a period characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and rapid change, often as a result of advancements in technology, globalization, and shifting societal norms. The term suggests that traditional ways of thinking and understanding the world are no longer adequate for navigating contemporary challenges. In postnormal times, factors such as unpredictability and the inadequacy of existing models influence decision-making processes.

The psychology of science is an interdisciplinary field that explores the cognitive, social, and emotional processes underlying scientific thought, practice, and community. It examines how scientists generate hypotheses, conduct experiments, interpret data, and communicate findings. Key areas of focus within this field include: 1. **Cognitive Processes**: This includes how scientists think, reason, and solve problems. Researchers study the cognitive strategies scientists use when designing experiments and making inferences from data.

The relationship between religion and science is complex and can be seen from multiple perspectives. Historically, the two fields have often been viewed as conflicting, but they can also be seen as complementary in some contexts. Here are several key points that define their relationship: 1. **Conflict Model**: This perspective argues that religion and science are fundamentally in opposition to each other. Historically, notable conflicts, such as the trial of Galileo and the debate over evolution in schools, illustrate this point.

"Routes" can refer to different concepts depending on the context. Here are a few common interpretations: 1. **Geographical Routes**: These refer to paths or directions between two points, typically used in navigation or transportation. For example, driving routes, walking paths, bike trails, etc. 2. **Internet Routing**: In computer networking and the internet, a route is a path that data takes from its source to its destination.

Commuting refers to the process of traveling from one's home to a place of work or study and back again. This journey can involve various modes of transportation, including driving a car, taking public transit (buses, trains, subways), biking, or walking. Commuting is a common part of daily life for many individuals, especially those who live in urban areas and work in different locations.

"Species endangered by roads" refers to various organisms that face threats to their survival due to road construction, traffic, and the associated impacts of road infrastructure. Roads can fragment habitats, create barriers to animal movement, and increase the risk of vehicle collisions with wildlife. Some specific examples of species that are particularly affected include: 1. **Amphibians and Reptiles**: Many frog and turtle species are vulnerable because they often need to cross roads during migration or nesting.

"Transport by mountain range" is not a standard term, but it can refer to the various methods and challenges associated with transporting goods or people across or through mountain ranges. When considering transport in mountainous areas, several key factors come into play: 1. **Infrastructure**: Mountainous regions often require specialized infrastructure, such as roads, tunnels, and bridges. The construction and maintenance of this infrastructure can be more complex and costly than in flat areas.

Pipeline transport is a method of transporting goods, particularly fluids such as oil, gas, water, and other substances, through a system of pipes. This mode of transport is widely used for its efficiency in moving large volumes of materials over long distances. Here are some key features and advantages of pipeline transport: 1. **Types of Fluids**: Pipelines can transport various substances, including natural gas, crude oil, refined petroleum products, chemicals, water, and even slurry mixtures.