Variation of Information (VI) is a measure of the distance between two probability distributions. It is particularly used in information theory and statistics to quantify the amount of information that one distribution shares with another. This concept can be useful in various contexts, including clustering, classification, and comparing the outputs of algorithms. The Variation of Information between two random variables (or distributions) \( X \) and \( Y \) is defined in terms of their entropy and mutual information.

Richard Glazebrook is not widely known as a public figure or a prominent individual in historical or contemporary contexts up until my last update in October 2023. It's possible that he could refer to a person not extensively covered in mainstream media, or he might be a fictional character or a private individual.

Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh (1875–1947) was a British physicist and a peer. He was the son of the 3rd Baron Rayleigh, John William Strutt, who was a renowned physicist awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904. Robert himself continued the family tradition of engagement in scientific research and was also known for his work in the field of optics.

Stuart Palmer is a physicist known for his contributions to the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science. His research often focuses on the properties of materials at the atomic and molecular levels, including the behavior of electrons in solids and the interactions between different types of materials. He may also be involved in interdisciplinary work, applying principles of physics to solve problems in related areas, such as chemistry, engineering, or biology.

Ted Bastin could refer to a person or a specific topic, but without additional context, it's challenging to provide a precise answer. If you are referring to a notable individual, there may not be widely-known information available, as my training data includes public figures, but not every individual.

Roger Elliott is a physicist known for his contributions to the field of condensed matter physics, particularly in the areas of superconductivity and magnetism. He has been involved in various research projects and has published numerous papers related to these topics. In addition to his research work, Elliott has also been involved in academic positions and has contributed to the education and mentoring of students in the field of physics.

Ronald Hugh Barker (1929–2016) was a notable New Zealand writer, best known for his contributions to literature, particularly in the genres of poetry and fiction. He often tackled themes related to the human experience, culture, and the natural environment of New Zealand. His work has been recognized for its lyrical quality and depth.

Russell Stannard is a British physicist and educator known for his work in the field of physics education and his contributions to the popularization of science. He has a background in theoretical physics and has been involved in various initiatives aimed at making complex scientific concepts more accessible to the general public. In addition to his academic work, he has authored several books and resources on physics and science communication.

The term "map symbol" refers to graphical representations or signs used on a map to convey information about various features and characteristics of the geographic area being depicted. Map symbols can represent a wide range of information, including: 1. **Landmarks**: Symbols indicating important buildings, monuments, or locations (e.g., schools, hospitals, airports). 2. **Physical Features**: Symbols that indicate natural features such as rivers, mountains, lakes, and forests.

As of my last update, Selwyn Wright does not appear to be a widely recognized term, person, or concept in popular culture, academia, or any specific field.

Sir Richard Paget, 2nd Baronet, was a British politician and member of the Paget family. He was born on December 24, 1881, and died on January 10, 1935. He succeeded his father, Sir Richard Paget, 1st Baronet, as the 2nd Baronet in 1908.

Expander codes are a type of error-correcting code that utilize expander graphs to facilitate efficient and robust communication over noisy channels. The primary goal of expander codes is to encode information in such a way that it can be reliably transmitted even in the presence of errors. ### Key Features of Expander Codes: 1. **Expander Graphs**: At the core of expander codes are expander graphs, which are sparse graphs that have good expansion properties.

Stephen Butterworth is a name that could refer to several individuals across different fields. For example, he could be a scholar, a professional in a specific industry, or even a character in literature or media. Without more context, it’s difficult to provide a precise answer.

William Duddell (1872–1917) was an English electrical engineer and inventor known primarily for his work on the musicality of oscillators and for developing the Duddell oscillator. This device was an early form of an electronic oscillator, which used a mechanical resonator, and was significant in the advancement of electronic sound generation. It contributed to the development of early electronic music instruments and sound synthesis.

Thomas Guidott was a notable figure in the 17th century, recognized primarily as a physician, writer, and advocate for the practice of medicine. He is particularly known for his work related to the medicinal properties of minerals and waters, and he made contributions to the understanding of mineralogy. He is often associated with the study of natural history and was involved in the development of early scientific thought in England.

Thomas Ralph Merton, commonly known as Thomas Merton, was an American Trappist monk, writer, theologian, mystic, and social activist. Born on January 31, 1915, in Prades, France, he spent much of his life in the Abbey of Gethsemani in Kentucky after becoming a monk. Merton is widely known for his influential writings on spirituality, contemplative life, and social justice.

Cross-entropy is a measure from the field of information theory that quantifies the difference between two probability distributions. It is commonly used in machine learning, particularly in classification problems, as a loss function to assess the performance of models, especially in the context of neural networks.

Kullback-Leibler divergence, often abbreviated as KL divergence, is a measure from information theory that quantifies how one probability distribution diverges from a second, expected probability distribution. It is particularly useful in various fields such as statistics, machine learning, and information theory.

Victor Emery is a figure associated with the field of science or a specific domain, but without more context, it's difficult to provide details about him. There may be multiple individuals with that name in various professions or fields.

Scientific observation is the process of systematically watching, measuring, and recording phenomena in order to gather data and gain insights about the natural world. It is an essential component of the scientific method, which seeks to form hypotheses, conduct experiments, and draw conclusions based on empirical evidence. Key characteristics of scientific observation include: 1. **Objective**: Observations should be free from personal bias or subjective interpretation. Scientists strive to remain neutral and only report what can be measured or seen.