The Alexander Agassiz Medal is an award given by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States. It is presented to individuals for their exceptional contributions to the fields of oceanography and marine science. The medal is named after Alexander Agassiz, a prominent naturalist and oceanographer of the late 19th century, known for his work in marine biology and the study of ocean environments.

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the study of estuaries, coastal areas, and continental shelves. This area of science combines aspects of oceanography, ecology, biology, geology, and environmental science to understand the complex interactions between physical, chemical, and biological processes in these dynamic environments. ### Key Areas of Study: 1. **Estuaries**: These are transitional areas where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean.

The Fundy Basin is a significant geological depression located in the eastern part of North America, primarily extending through New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada. It is named after the Bay of Fundy, which is renowned for having one of the highest tidal ranges in the world. The basin is part of the larger Atlantic Canada region and is characterized by its unique geological features, including sedimentary rock formations that offer insights into the region's geological history.

Jörundur Svavarsson is an Icelandic mathematician and computer scientist known for his work in the field of theoretical computer science, particularly in areas such as algorithms, complexity theory, and graph theory.

A maritime nation is a country that has a strong connection to the sea, characterized by a significant engagement in maritime activities such as shipping, fishing, trade, naval power, and maritime exploration. These nations often have coastlines, numerous ports, and a history of maritime commerce and naval operations. Key features of a maritime nation include: 1. **Geographical Location**: Typically, they have access to oceans, seas, or major waterways, which facilitates maritime trade and exploration.

The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) was a major international research initiative focused on exploring and studying the Earth's ocean basins and the underlying geology. Established in 1985 and running until 2003, the ODP was designed to collect scientific data from deep-sea sediment and rock samples obtained through advanced drilling techniques.

RV Maurice Ewing is a research vessel operated by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University. It is named after the prominent American geophysicist Maurice Ewing, known for his contributions to marine geology and geophysics. The vessel is used primarily for oceanographic research, including studies related to marine geology, ocean circulation, and environmental change.

The RV Zephyr is a research vessel operated by the University of Southern California (USC), primarily used in marine science and oceanographic research. It has played a role in various scientific projects, including studies on marine ecology, oceanography, and environmental monitoring. The vessel is equipped with advanced technology and instruments that allow researchers to collect data and samples from the ocean, contributing to our understanding of marine environments and their dynamics.

Robert R. L. Guillard is a prominent figure in the field of oceanography and marine science, particularly known for his work on phytoplankton and oceanic ecosystems. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of marine microorganisms and their role in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Guillard is also well-known for his research on the growth and cultivation of phytoplankton in laboratory settings, which has important implications for both scientific research and environmental management.

In geomorphology, "termination" refers to the point at which a landform, such as a river, glacier, or slope, ends or transitions into another type of landform. It can be associated with various processes and features, including the end of a river where it meets a lake or ocean (river termination), the snout of a glacier where it melts or calves into the sea, or the base of a hillside where soil or sediment accumulation occurs.

The term "historical oceans" generally refers to the study of ancient oceans and their characteristics, including their geographical distribution, depths, chemical composition, and the life forms that inhabited them throughout geological time. This area of study is often intertwined with paleontology, geology, and oceanography. Key aspects include: 1. **Ancient Ocean Basins**: Investigating how current ocean basins were formed, including the effects of plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and sedimentation over millions of years.

Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) is a specific period in Earth's climatic history that occurred between approximately 400,000 and 420,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene epoch. It is characterized by a relatively warm interglacial period, which is part of a series of alternating glacial and interglacial stages documented in the paleoclimatic record.

Research vessels of Argentina are specialized ships used for scientific research and exploration, primarily in the fields of marine biology, oceanography, and environmental studies. These vessels play a crucial role in studying Argentina's extensive coastline and the surrounding southern waters, including the South Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean. Argentina operates several research vessels, with the most notable being: 1. **A.R.A.

Research vessels of China refer to a range of specialized ships operated by various Chinese institutions and government agencies for marine research and oceanographic studies. These vessels are equipped with advanced technologies and instruments to conduct scientific research in fields such as marine biology, oceanography, geology, climatology, and environmental monitoring.

Research vessels of Germany are specialized ships used for scientific research in marine and oceanographic studies. These vessels are equipped with advanced technology and instruments to conduct a wide range of research activities, including but not limited to: 1. **Marine Biology**: Studying marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and species interactions. 2. **Physical Oceanography**: Investigating ocean currents, temperature, and salinity profiles.

Research vessels of the Netherlands are specialized ships used for scientific research, primarily in marine and oceanographic studies. These vessels are equipped with advanced technology and instruments to facilitate various types of research, including marine biology, oceanography, geology, and environmental monitoring. The Netherlands has a strong focus on maritime research due to its extensive coastline and significant maritime activities.

Carromancy is a form of divination that involves the interpretation of the patterns made by tossing or scattering carrom seeds or similar small objects. The practice is typically associated with seeking answers or guidance by analyzing how the seeds land and form patterns, which are then interpreted by the practitioner. This form of divination can draw on symbolism, tradition, and intuition to provide insights into the question or situation at hand.

The mild-slope equation is a mathematical representation used in coastal engineering and fluid dynamics to describe the propagation of surface water waves over varying bathymetry (the underwater equivalent of topography). It is especially useful for analyzing wave behavior in coastal areas, where the depth of the water changes gradually.

The Schamel equation is a type of nonlinear partial differential equation that is often used in plasma physics and fluid dynamics to model the evolution of wave phenomena, especially in the context of plasma waves and solitary waves. It is derived from the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and often appears in studies involving solitons and other wave solutions in dispersive media.

The relativistic Euler equations are a set of equations that describe the dynamics of perfect fluids in the context of relativistic physics. They extend the classical Euler equations, which govern the flow of inviscid (non-viscous), incompressible fluids, to situations where the speeds involved approach the speed of light, or in contexts where relativistic effects are significant, such as in astrophysics or cosmology.