Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) is a dense, cold water mass that forms in the Weddell Sea, located off the coast of Antarctica. It plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation and is a significant component of the Antarctic Bottom Water (ABW), which is one of the key water masses contributing to the deep ocean circulation.

An "artificial wave" typically refers to a wave that is created or manipulated using technology or human intervention rather than occurring naturally. This term can apply to a variety of contexts, including: 1. **Wave Pool Technology**: In recreational settings, such as water parks or surf simulators, artificial waves are generated using machines that create wave patterns for activities like surfing or swimming. These waves can simulate oceanic waves, providing an experience similar to that of natural surf conditions.

The concept of energy cascade is commonly used in the fields of fluid dynamics and turbulence. It refers to the process through which energy is transferred from larger scales of motion to smaller scales, eventually dissipating as heat due to viscous effects. The energy cascade typically occurs in turbulent flows where energy introduced at larger scales (like waves or large eddies) is broken down into progressively smaller scales of motion.

Green's Law is not a commonly recognized term in scientific literature and might refer to different concepts depending on the context. However, it could refer to several potential areas: 1. **Green's Theorem**: In vector calculus, Green's Theorem relates a double integral over a region in the plane to a line integral around the region's boundary.

Tsunamis in lakes, often referred to as "lake tsunamis" or "seismic sea waves," are large waves generated by disturbances in or near a body of water, similar to ocean tsunamis, but occurring in lakes.

Internal wave breaking refers to the phenomenon where internal waves—waves that propagate within the stratified layers of a fluid, such as water—become unstable and break, similar to surface waves breaking on a beach. These internal waves are typically generated by various forces such as tides, wind, or the interaction of currents with topographical features like the ocean floor. Internal waves occur in regions where the density of water varies with depth—commonly seen in the ocean due to temperature and salinity gradients.

"Liquid Time" is a concept often associated with the fluid and flexible nature of time in contemporary life, especially in relation to technology, digital communication, and globalization. It suggests that time is no longer experienced in a linear or rigid way but is instead more adaptable, often influenced by the immediacy and availability of information and interactions in the digital age.

A Peregrine soliton is a type of localized wave structure that arises in nonlinear wave equations, particularly in the context of water waves and optical fibers. It is named after the "Peregrine" falcon due to its fleeting and elusive nature. The Peregrine soliton is characterized by its ability to maintain its shape while traveling at a constant speed, and it is considered a prototype of a rogue wave, a phenomenon that is significantly larger than the surrounding waves and often appears suddenly.

Stokes drift refers to the phenomenon in fluid dynamics where particles or fluid elements move in a direction slightly different from that of the wave propagation itself due to the non-linear nature of surface waves. This effect is most commonly observed in ocean waves. In a simplified explanation, as a wave travels through the water, it creates circular or elliptical orbital motions of water particles.

In physics, a "wake" refers to the disturbed flow of fluid that is left behind an object as it moves through that fluid. This concept is most commonly discussed in the context of fluid dynamics, where the object can be anything from a boat moving through water to an airplane flying through air. When an object moves through a fluid, it displaces the fluid and creates a region of altered flow behind it.

A wave-piercing hull is a type of ship or boat design characterized by a distinctive bow shape that allows it to effectively cut through waves rather than ride over them. This design typically features a slender, sharp bow that is often sharper and more hydrodynamic than traditional hull forms. The main advantages of wave-piercing hulls include: 1. **Reduced Drag**: By piercing through waves, these hulls can minimize resistance and drag, improving fuel efficiency and speed.

A Hefner lamp is a type of measurement device used to determine the luminosity or brightness of a light source, specifically in terms of its equivalent light output. Named after the physicist Robert Hefner, the lamp is used primarily in the field of photometry, which is the science of measuring visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. The Hefner lamp contains a specific type of candle that provides a consistent and reproducible light output.

Photometry is the branch of optics that deals with the measurement of light, specifically the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, as perceived by the human eye. It focuses on quantifying light in terms of its intensity, distribution, and effects on the human visual system, rather than solely considering physical aspects like power or energy.

Auditory scientists are researchers who specialize in the study of hearing and the auditory system. Their work encompasses various aspects of how we perceive sound, including the physiology of the ear, neural processing of auditory information in the brain, and the psychological and behavioral responses to sound. Auditory scientists may work in various fields, including: 1. **Audiology**: Focusing on hearing loss, assessment, and rehabilitation.

The Bark scale is a psychoacoustic scale that measures the perceived frequency of sounds based on human hearing. It was developed by the German scientist Heinrich Barkhausen and is used in various fields, including music, audio engineering, and telecommunications, to understand how humans perceive different frequencies of sound. The Bark scale divides the audible frequency range (approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz) into critical bands, which represent ranges of frequencies that the human ear can perceive as a single auditory event.

A mondegreen is a mishearing or misinterpretation of a word or phrase, typically in a song or poem, in such a way that it results in a new meaning. The term was coined by Sylvia Wright in her 1954 essay, where she described how she misheard a line from a Scottish ballad: "They hung the wrong man." She interpreted it as "They eyed the wrong man.

In the context of audio and music, "onset" refers to the moment when a sound begins. This term is particularly important in music analysis, sound processing, and various audio applications. Onsets are crucial for several reasons: 1. **Musical Analysis**: In music, identifying onsets helps in analyzing the rhythm, tempo, and structure of a piece. It allows musicians and musicologists to understand how a piece is constructed and how different elements interact.

Moskstraumen, also known as the Moskstraumen whirlpool, is a powerful tidal current located between the islands of Moskenesøya and Værøy in the Lofoten archipelago of Norway. It is famous for its strong, swirling currents that can be dangerous for navigation and fishing activities. The whirlpool is created by the interaction of the North Atlantic tides and the geography of the surrounding islands, leading to rapid water movements and swirling eddies.

Pitch in music refers to the perceived frequency of a sound, which determines how high or low a note sounds. It is a fundamental characteristic of musical notes and is crucial for the creation of melodies and harmonies. Pitch is typically measured in Hertz (Hz), which represents the number of vibrations or cycles per second. For example, the standard pitch for the note A4 (the A above middle C) is set at 440 Hz.

Sound annoyance refers to the discomfort or irritation that individuals experience in response to certain noises or sounds in their environment. It is a subjective perception that can vary widely among individuals based on factors such as personal sensitivity, context, noise intensity, duration, and frequency. Common sources of sound annoyance include traffic noise, construction sounds, loud music, and industrial activities. The psychological and physiological effects of sound annoyance can include stress, anxiety, difficulties concentrating, sleep disturbances, and even long-term health impacts.