The COBRA probe, or the "COral and Fisheries Biodiversity Research Assessment" probe, refers to an advanced marine research tool designed to study coral reef ecosystems and assess biodiversity in marine environments. It is typically equipped with various sensors and instruments to collect data on water quality, temperature, light levels, and other environmental parameters, as well as to conduct observations of marine life.

In hydrology, "drawdown" refers to the reduction in the water level in a well or aquifer caused by water being extracted for various uses, such as agriculture, industrial processes, or municipal supply. It is a crucial concept in groundwater management, as it reflects the sustainability of water extraction practices and the overall health of aquifers.

Fascine mattresses are a type of bed mattress that typically feature a design focused on comfort, support, and quality materials. The term "fascine" can sometimes be used to describe specific features of construction or materials that enhance the sleep experience. For instance, they may include layers of memory foam, latex, or pocketed springs, which are designed to provide optimal support for the body by conforming to its shape while also maintaining good airflow and temperature regulation.

A floodway, in the context of roadways, refers to a designated channel or area that is intended to manage and convey floodwaters while minimizing damage to infrastructure and ensuring the safety of travelers. Floodways are typically constructed in flood-prone areas and are designed to direct excess water away from populated regions, roads, and structures.

"Full summer pool" refers to the level or elevation of water in a reservoir, lake, or other body of water during the summer months when the water is at its highest and most stable point. This designation is often used in the context of water management for dams, lakes, and recreational areas.

Hardscape refers to the non-plant elements of landscape design. It includes all the hard materials and structures that are incorporated into outdoor spaces to create usable areas, enhance aesthetics, and provide functional features. Common hardscape elements include: 1. **Patios and Decks**: Flat surfaces for outdoor living where people can gather, eat, or relax.

In the context of hydrology, "head" refers to the potential energy of water due to its elevation above a reference point, commonly measured as the height of a water column. It is typically expressed in units of length, such as meters or feet, and is an important concept in the study of groundwater flow and surface water dynamics.

A hydraulic structure is a man-made structure designed to control, manage, or utilize water resources. These structures play a critical role in various applications, including water supply, flood control, irrigation, hydropower generation, navigation, and environmental management. Hydraulic structures are engineered to withstand the forces of water while providing efficient and effective functionality.

International trade refers to the exchange of goods, services, and capital across international borders. This process allows countries to specialize in the production of certain goods and services based on their comparative advantages, leading to increased efficiency and consumption opportunities for consumers. International trade is governed by various agreements, tariffs, and regulations and plays a significant role in the global economy.

The term "invert level" typically refers to the lowest point of a drainage or sewer pipe, usually the inside bottom of the pipe, where the liquid flow begins. It is an important measurement in civil engineering, especially in the design of wastewater systems, stormwater drainage, and other plumbing installations. Invert levels are crucial for determining the proper slope of pipes to ensure adequate flow and prevent backups.

The Journal of Hydrologic Engineering is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes research articles, reviews, and technical notes related to the field of hydrologic engineering. It focuses on the scientific and engineering aspects of water resources, including the study of the movement, distribution, and management of water in natural and built environments.

The Lower Saxon State Department for Waterway, Coastal and Nature Conservation (Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Bauen und Klimaschutz, often referred to in the context of its waterway and coastal responsibilities) is a government agency in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is responsible for a range of activities related to the management and conservation of water bodies, coastal areas, and natural habitats in the region.

MIKE 11 is a hydraulic and hydrological modeling software developed by DHI Water & Environment. It is designed for simulating river and channel flows, providing tools for modeling one-dimensional (1D) unsteady flow in open channels. MIKE 11 is widely used in water resource management, flood modeling, and environmental impact assessments.

Mining sludge refers to the thick, semi-liquid waste material generated during the mining process, particularly from the extraction and processing of minerals and ores. It typically consists of a mixture of water, finely crushed rock or ore, chemicals, and other materials that result from the separation of valuable minerals from the unwanted rock (gangue).

A slug test is a field measurement method used to evaluate the hydraulic properties of an aquifer. It involves rapidly introducing a sudden change in the water level in a well, typically by inserting or "slugging" a solid object (the "slug") into the water column, and then measuring the recovery of the water level over time. ### Purpose: The primary goal of a slug test is to determine the hydraulic conductivity (or permeability) of the aquifer material surrounding the well.

A storm drain, also known as a storm sewer or surface water drain, is a structural system designed to collect and manage excess rainwater or surface runoff. It helps to prevent flooding and erosion by directing water away from streets, parking lots, and other built-up areas to a designated drainage system, such as a nearby stream, river, or retention pond.

Tidal irrigation is a method of irrigation that utilizes the natural ebb and flow of tides to supply water to agricultural land. This technique is particularly useful in coastal areas where the rise and fall of sea levels can be harnessed to irrigate crops. The basic idea is to take advantage of the tidal patterns, allowing seawater to flood fields during high tide and then draining them during low tide.

A watermill is a structure that uses the energy of flowing or falling water to perform mechanical work. Traditionally, watermills were used to grind grain into flour, but they can also be used for various other purposes, such as sawing wood, producing textiles, or generating electricity. The basic components of a watermill include: 1. **Water Source**: A river, stream, or other body of water that flows over the mill.

Wave run-up refers to the vertical extent to which waves can ascend above the still water level along a shoreline, typically during high-energy conditions such as storms or extreme weather events. It is a critical factor in coastal engineering and management, as it influences coastal erosion, sediment transport, and the design of structures like seawalls and docks.

Evapotranspiration is the combined process of evaporation and transpiration through which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere. It represents the sum of two processes: 1. **Evaporation**: This is the process where water is converted from liquid to vapor and released into the atmosphere from surfaces such as soil, water bodies (lakes, rivers, oceans), and other wet surfaces. 2. **Transpiration**: This involves the release of water vapor from plants.