Cognitive social structures refer to the mental frameworks and networks through which individuals understand and navigate their social environments. This concept integrates cognitive psychology and social theory to explain how people perceive, interpret, and interact within their social contexts. Key components of cognitive social structures include: 1. **Social Networks**: These consist of the relationships and connections between individuals in a community or society. Understanding how these networks are formed and maintained can help uncover underlying social patterns.

Self-healing concrete is an innovative type of concrete designed to automatically repair cracks and damage that occur over time. The main goal of this technology is to enhance the durability and longevity of concrete structures, which are prone to cracking due to various environmental and mechanical stresses. The self-healing process can be achieved through several methods, often involving the incorporation of specific materials or technology into the concrete mix.

Shear thinning, also known as pseudoplasticity, is a property of certain materials (particularly fluids and gels) where their viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. In simpler terms, when you apply stress or force to a shear-thinning material, it flows more easily and becomes less viscous. This behavior is commonly observed in many liquids and colloids, including paint, ketchup, blood, and various polymer solutions.

Temperature-responsive polymers, also known as thermoresponsive or thermosensitive polymers, are a class of smart materials that undergo significant changes in their physical or chemical properties in response to temperature variations. These polymers can alter their solubility, shape, or mechanical properties when exposed to different temperatures, making them useful for various applications in fields such as biomedical engineering, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and responsive coatings.

Epistemics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the theory of knowledge. It concerns itself with understanding the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge. Epistemics explores questions such as: 1. **What is knowledge?** – It investigates the definition of knowledge, often distinguishing it from mere belief or opinion. 2. **How is knowledge acquired?** – It looks into various sources of knowledge, including perception, reason, memory, and testimony.

The term "collective mental state" refers to the shared thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and beliefs of a group of people, often shaped by their social interactions and cultural contexts. This concept encompasses how individuals within a collective—such as a community, organization, or society—contribute to and are influenced by a common psychological climate or mindset.

"Zachary's Karate Club" might refer to a local karate training center or a fictional or community-based group focused on teaching karate. However, there isn't a widely recognized karate club by that name in popular culture or notable references as of my last update in October 2023.

Official statistics refer to the data collected, compiled, processed, and disseminated by governmental agencies or official bodies to provide a reliable basis for understanding social, economic, and environmental conditions within a country or region. These statistics are intended to inform public policy, support research, and assist in the formulation of decisions by governments, businesses, and other organizations. Key characteristics of official statistics include: 1. **Authority**: Generated by recognized governmental agencies or institutions, ensuring credibility and standardization.

In the context of social sciences, "coding" refers to the process of organizing and categorizing qualitative data, often obtained from interviews, open-ended survey responses, field notes, or other forms of unstructured data. The purpose of coding is to make the data manageable and analyzable, allowing researchers to identify patterns, themes, or concepts critical to their study.

"Beamtimes and Lifetimes" is a book by the physicist and author David E. Y. A. Yocum. The book provides an insightful look into the world of particle physics, particularly focusing on the operations and strategies of particle accelerators, as well as the experiences of scientists working within that field.

The anserine bursa is a small fluid-filled sac located near the knee joint, specifically beneath the pes anserinus, which is the insertion point for three muscles: the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus. This bursa helps reduce friction and allows smooth movement between the tendons of these muscles and the underlying bone and tissues. In some cases, the anserine bursa can become inflamed, a condition known as anserine bursitis.

The muscular system is a complex network of muscles and tissues that enable movement, support the body, and maintain posture. It is one of the major systems in the human body and plays a crucial role in a wide range of functions. Here are some key aspects of the muscular system: 1. **Types of Muscle Tissue**: - **Skeletal Muscle**: These muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movements.

Synovial bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs located throughout the body, primarily in areas where friction might occur, such as between bones, tendons, and muscles. They serve to reduce friction and facilitate smooth movement between these structures during activities such as walking, running, and lifting. Each bursa is lined with synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid, a viscous fluid that lubricates the bursa and helps to cushion the areas around joints.

"Standing on the shoulders of giants" is a metaphor that suggests that one can achieve greater understanding or knowledge by building upon the work and discoveries of those who came before. The phrase implies that the progress in knowledge, science, art, and other fields is cumulative, relying on the insights and achievements of previous thinkers, researchers, and innovators. The phrase is often attributed to Sir Isaac Newton, who used it in a letter to his colleague Robert Hooke in 1676.

"2000 software" could refer to several different things, but it often relates to software that was popular or widely used around the year 2000, or it could be a reference to specific products or categories of software that have "2000" in their name. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Microsoft Office 2000**: A version of the Microsoft Office suite that was released in 1999. It included applications like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access.

"2010 software" typically refers to software applications and tools that were released or popularized in the year 2010. However, the term can also specifically refer to versions of well-known software suites released in that year, such as: 1. **Microsoft Office 2010**: A version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite that included updates and new features for programs like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook.

"2012 software" can refer to various software products or technologies that were released or became prominent in the year 2012. However, without additional context, it's not clear what specific software you are inquiring about. 1. **Microsoft Office 2012**: While technically released as Office 2013, many people still refer to Office products by the year prior, so it may fall under that category.

Perimysium is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers, known as fascicles, within skeletal muscle. It is part of the three layers of connective tissue that make up muscle tissue, the others being the epimysium (which envelops the entire muscle) and the endomysium (which surrounds individual muscle fibers).

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "2023 software" could refer to any software products or applications released or popularized in the year 2023. However, without specific context, it's hard to define what you mean by "2023 software.

"1982 software" typically refers to software developed or popularized in the year 1982. This period is notable in the history of computing, as it witnessed the rise of personal computers and software that became foundational for many popular applications and operating systems. Some significant software and developments from that year include: 1. **Microsoft Word**: The first version of Microsoft Word was released for the IBM PC in 1983, but its development began in the early 1980s.